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BACKGROUND	Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration ( LCBDE ) is now one of the main methods for treating choledocholithiasis accompanied with cholelithiasis .
BACKGROUND	The objective of our study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic primary closure for the treatment of common bile duct ( CBD ) stones compared with T-tube drainage .
METHODS	Patients who underwent CBD stones were studied prospectively from 2002-2012 in a single center .
METHODS	A total of 194 patients were randomly assigned to group A ( LCBDE with primary closure ) with 101 cases and group B ( LCBDE with T-tube drainage ) with 93 cases .
METHODS	Intraoperative cholangiography and choledochoscopy were performed in all patients .
METHODS	Patient demographics , intraoperative findings , postoperative stay , complications , and hospital expenses were recorded and analyzed .
RESULTS	There was no mortality in the two groups .
RESULTS	Four patients ( 3.96 % ) of group A were converted to open surgery , and three patients ( 3.23 % ) in group B.
RESULTS	The mean operating time was much shorter in group A than in group B ( 102.6 15.2 min versus 128.6 20.4 min , P < 0.05 ) .
RESULTS	The length of postoperative hospital stay was longer in group B ( 4.9 3.2 d ) than in group A ( 3.2 2.1 d ) .
RESULTS	The hospital expenses were significantly lower in group A. Three patients experienced postoperative complications , which were related to the usage of the T-tube in group B.
RESULTS	The incidences of overall postoperative complications were insignificantly lower in group A.
CONCLUSIONS	Laparoscopic primary closure of CBD is safe and effective for the management of CBD stones , and can be performed routinely as an alternative to T-tube drainage .

